Diode
A diode is an electronic component made of semiconductor material. Its core is a PN junction, and it has unidirectional conductivity.
IC chip
IC chip, full name Integrated Circuit Chip, is an electronic device that integrates multiple electronic components (such as transistors, resistors, capacitors, etc.) onto a single semiconductor chip.
DC-DC power supply
A DC-DC power supply is a power conversion device that converts one DC voltage to another.